Hi!
I think you have similar problem like me had a few weeks ago.
SATA2 and SATA4 ports not working
My dmesg contained the same USB SerialNumber like you:
[ 14.575513] usb 2-1: SerialNumber: RANDOM__04AD244B74CD
Try to upgrade that USB firmware port under Windows:
How to upgrade F/W with jms561 under Windows
It should “reset” the USB SerialNumber to a normal one (RANDOM__ isn’t that) and it should work again.
I had to wait while Windows could recognize them, I tried it several times (and changing the USB ports) until I got success.
Watch out for the options!!!
Untick partition and format (otherwise you data is loss)!!!
Good luck!