You might check out the thread: Quad SATA Hat Disconnects
and see if it, and the other threads mentioned might be relevant. The change in your drive letters, where sda/sdb/sdc become sdc/sdd/sde suggests a disconnect of at least one of the two controllers, through USB, and then the re-recognition of the controller, boosting the old drives which suddenly appeared to new drive letters.
It might be due to the use of UAS (USB Attached Storage), but you can look for some of the DMESG messages to see if UAS is mentioned. If you are using the SATA hat it is useful to ensure that you have a powerful type C fast charger (which is voltage/power agile) for the older hats with a type C. The newer quad hats use a 12V 3Amp supply with a coaxial plug, which should be more than enough power for up to 4 SATA drives.