When the red light came on, it was the chip that found the error in the hard drive.
You can use smartctl to check the hard disk information, but you need to do two things before that.
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Download smartmontools-7.1 (https://sourceforge.net/projects/smartmontools/files/) and compile it. The version in the apt is too old.
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Upgrade the firmware (How to upgrade F/W with jms561 under Raspberry Pi). The factory firmware shows something wrong with S.M.A.R.T…