Only images built specifically for this board will work on it, either the official images from radxa, or Armbian, or one of the other third party images listed on the download page.
There is an SPI flash where a bootloader can be installed. Its possible that is causing you an issue… You can try disabling that flash as a test by shorting SPI1_CLK to GND (pin 23 to pin 25).
You could also try updating the bootloader. From an image with radxa’s apt setup, run: sudo apt-get install -y rockpi4a-rk-u-boot-latest. It should ask if you want to upgrade the SPI flash (yes) as well as emmc/sdcard (up to you).
I’m waiting for an emmc module to arrive for my Rock Pi 4B - so this is all a bit of a guess until I get it and can test it out. Hope it helps.