The eMMC name was in BIOS as “16” and some non-ASCII characters, with zero capacity. The issue was with a no-name Aliexpress USB multiport charger with supposedly 25W USB-PD output, but with the power bank (a 20000 mAh Tronic sold by Lidl that only promises 1.5A at 12V) the install finished flawlessly. The board pulled max 17W during the install according to the LCD-equipped charging cables I have; maybe the CPU was power limited, maybe not, but it worked, and seems that the eMMC chip is the cranky one, not the CPU.
I’ll just grab one of my phone chargers (12V@2.25A seems enough (would use a 45W HP USB-PD brick but the connector won’t physically fit unless I remove part of the heatsink), if it isn’t I’ll just lower the power limits in BIOS) when I actually plug it in for long haul. I have a 67W one but that would be way overkill.
Just to clarify: I’m not blaming anyone of anything, it was just a “I’ll see if that easiest available thing works even if it’s not what’s actually recommended” and then went up one step at a time in power delivery. And now I know I can run the board off a power bank for a while if I really need to.