If u-boot recognizes your partition (apparently it does because it can find that file), whatever you use now is fine.
The NVMe may or may not be brand new — if your file system on it is shot for some reason u-boot might want to read off the end of the device which will certainly cause an error. Whether it’s this one remains to be seen.
I don’t have the documentation of the NVMe command queue on my computer and retrieving it + looking up that status code is above what I’m willing to do for free support (plus it’s Christmas plus I have a ton of other stuff to do) so sorry but if fsck doesn’t show any errors you’ll have to look at other options. I suggest trying this with a different NVMe, and/or asking on the u-boot forum / mailing list and/or mailing the people who wrote the u-boot driver.