I found a fix. I had ‘gemini’ help me.
there is an active discussion regarding this exact issue. If your Radxa Penta SATA HAT recently stopped recognizing your hard drives or SSDs following a standard sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade, it is a known regression caused by recent Linux kernel updates on the Raspberry Pi 5.
1. The Drives are Missing (Kernel 6.18+ / DMA Issue)Recent user reports on Reddit’s r/raspberry_pi and r/homelab outline that updating to the newer Linux kernel (such as 6.18) causes the JMB585 PCIe-to-SATA controller on the HAT to break because of memory allocation changes and strict 64-bit DMA requirements.The Fix:You need to explicitly force the Pi 5 to use a 32-bit DMA width for that PCIe lane.
Open your configuration file:Bashsudo nano /boot/firmware/config.txt
Add the following line at the bottom of the file:Plaintextdtoverlay=pcie-32bit-dma-pi5
Save, exit, and reboot your Pi. Your drives should reappear natively under lsblk.